ʻO ka ʻoihana LED kahi ʻoihana e puka mai ana i ka ʻāina, a ʻo ke kumu kukui LED ke kumu kumu kukui hou loa i ka 21st century, akā no ka mea, aia nō ka ʻenehana LED i ka pae hoʻomohala o ka ulu mau ʻana, he nui nā nīnau o ka ʻoihana e pili ana i kona ʻano māmā. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona, e hoʻohui kēia pepa i ke kumumanaʻo me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e nānā i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ke alakaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana LED.

ʻO ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana LED a me nā ʻano

a.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pōʻai huahana, ua komo ke kukui LED i kahi wā makua.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā kukui LED, inā i loko o ke kukui o waho, a i ʻole nā ​​​​kukui kukui ʻoihana, ke komo nei i kahi wikiwiki weliweli.

Akā i kēia manawa, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka ʻāina māmā o ka home ma ke ʻano he ʻeke hui ʻia, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻike ʻia nā huahana kukui LED haʻahaʻa ma nā wahi āpau.Paʻa mau ke kukui LED i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ke ola lōʻihi o nā kukui.No laila, ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hapa nui o nā mea hana kukui LED e ʻimi i ka pono luminous kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka LED i ke olakino kanaka a me ka hōʻoluʻolu a me nā hiʻohiʻona kukui naʻauao o nā noi kiʻekiʻe.

b.Where kahi e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana LED?

E hoʻomau ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka māmā me ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hiki ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku, i ke au o ke kukui LED-alakaʻi, no ka mea he ʻano plasticity ke kumu kukui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka māmā.

Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka ʻoihana LED i kēia manawa i kahi pae hoʻomohala lohi, ʻaʻohe ʻenehana hou e alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana pili i ke kaua kumukūʻai, i ke kaua kumukūʻai e piʻi keʻokeʻo-wela, e koi ana i ka mākeke i ka maikaʻi, naʻauao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. kuhikuhi.

He aha ka "māmā" me ka maikaʻi?

I ka wā ma mua, he kukui maikaʻi nā kukui LED.I kēia mau lā, me ka manaʻo o ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a paʻa loa i loko o ka puʻuwai o nā kānaka, ua loli ka maʻamau o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mālamalama maikaʻi.

a. Ua hala ka pae o ka lanakila ma ka nui, a ua hiki mai ka manawa o ka lanakila ma ka maikaʻi.

Ke lawelawe mākou i nā mea kūʻai aku o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻike mākou i kā lākou koi no ka maikaʻi kukui LED e piʻi aʻe a kiʻekiʻe.Ua wehewehe ʻo North American Lighting Commission IES i kahi ʻano loiloi hou TM-30 no ka hiki ke hāʻawi kala i nā kumu kukui, e noi ana i ʻelua mau hōʻike hoʻāʻo hou ʻo Rf a me Rg, e hōʻike pono ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā hoa honua i ka noiʻi māmā o LED.E hoʻolauna koke ʻo Blue King i nā ʻano loiloi i Kina, i hiki i nā poʻe o Kina ke hauʻoli piha i ke kumu kukui LED kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻo TM-30 i nā laʻana kala 99, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano kala maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i ke ola (mai ka saturated a unsaturated, mai ka mālamalama a i ka pōʻeleʻele)

TM-30 palapala kalaimetric

b.ʻO ka ʻimi wale ʻana i nā kukui LED maikaʻi e hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā mea hoʻohana.

ʻO nā huahana kukui LED kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino, hōʻike kiʻekiʻe, nā hopena kukui maoli, no nā huahana like ʻole e koho i ka mahana kala kūpono, a me nā kukui e loaʻa i nā koi anti-glare, e hoʻomalu i nā pōʻino polū polū, me nā ʻōnaehana naʻauao. no ka hoʻomalu kukui, e hoʻokō i nā pono mana naʻauao waiwai a ʻano like ʻole.

c.LED malamalama popopo

ʻAʻole e like me nā luminaires kuʻuna i hiki ʻole ke hoʻomau i ka hana, ʻaʻole e hāʻule koke nā kukui LED.Me ka manawa hana LED, e pohō ka māmā.ʻO ka hoʻāʻo LM-80 kahi ala a me kahi hōʻailona e loiloi i ka helu mālama lumen o ke kumu kukui LED.

Ma o ka hōʻike LM-80, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolālā i ke ola o ka LED, ma ka IES LM-80-08 standard Rated Lumen Maintenance Life;L70 (mau hola): hōʻike i ka pohō o nā lumens kumu kukui i 70% o nā lumens mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka manawa;L90 (mau hola): hōʻike i ka pohō o nā lumen kumu kukui i 90% o nā lumens mua i hoʻohana ʻia.

d.Kiʻekiʻe kala rendering index

He ʻano koʻikoʻi ka papa kuhikuhi kala kala no ka loiloi ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana o nā kumu kukui, a he mea koʻikoʻi hoʻi ia e ana i nā ʻano kala o nā kumu kukui artificial, i hōʻike ʻia e Ra/CRI.

Ra, R9 a me R15

ʻO ka hōʻailona hōʻike kala maʻamau ʻo Ra ka awelika o R1 a i ka R8, a ʻo ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kala kala CRI ka awelika o RI-R14.ʻAʻole wale mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka papa kuhikuhi kala maʻamau ʻo Ra, akā e hoʻolohe pū i ka kikoʻī kikoʻī waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu R9 no ka ʻulaʻula saturated, a me ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kala kūikawā R9-R12 no ka ʻulaʻula, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā kala saturated, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou i kēia. Hōʻike maoli nā mea hōʻailona i ke kumu kukui LED maikaʻi, a no ke kumu kukui kukui kūʻai, aia wale nō ke loaʻa nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau hōʻailona hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kala kiʻekiʻe o ka LED.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai, ʻoi aku ka kokoke i ke kala o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka kokoke i kona kala kumu i hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka mea.ʻO nā kumu kukui LED me ka papa kuhikuhi kala kiʻekiʻe e koho maʻamau i ka ʻoihana kukui.ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia e Blue View maʻamau e hoʻohana iā CRI> 95 e like me ka makemake o ka mea kūʻai aku, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi maoli i ke kala o nā waiwai i ke kukui, i mea e hoʻokō ai i kahi leʻaleʻa i ka maka a hoʻoulu i ka makemake kūʻai o nā kānaka.

e.Malamalama ʻōlinolino

I ka makahiki 1984, ua wehewehe ka Illuminating Engineering Society o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka ʻālohilohi e like me ka manaʻo o ka huhū, ʻehaʻeha a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka hana ʻike ma ke kahua ʻike i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mālamalama ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka maka.Ma muli o nā hopena, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻālohilohi i ka ʻālohilohi ʻole, nā kukui i hoʻololi ʻia i ka māmā a me nā kukui funereal.

ʻO ka LED he helu nui o ka pahu cylindrical a spherical paha, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lens convex, he kuhikuhi ikaika, ʻoi aku ka ikaika me nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole a me ka ikaika e hilinaʻi ana i ka angular kuhikuhi: aia ma ke kuhikuhi maʻamau o ka nui o ka māmā māmā, ka huina o ka hui ana me ka mokulele ho'opa'a no 90. ke ha'alele mai ke ala ma'amau o ka huina θ 'oko'a, ho'ololi 'ia ka ikaika o ka malamalama.nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kumu kukui kiko o LED.No laila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona kumu kukui LED a loaʻa nā pilikia kukui.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui incandescent, nā kukui fluorescent, nā kukui sodium kiʻekiʻe a me nā kukui kuʻuna ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kuhikuhi fiber optic o nā kukui LED ʻoi loa ka paʻa a hiki ke hana i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole.

f.Blue kukui pōʻino

Me ka kaulana o LED, LED polū kukui pōʻino a i ole polū malamalama spill ua lilo i pilikia i na kanaka a pau i ke alo a me ka hooponopono, a ma ka luminaire 'oihana 'aʻole he koe.

ʻO ka maʻamau luminaire hou o EU e ʻōlelo nei inā e loiloi ʻia kahi luminaire me nā LED, nā kukui halide metala a me nā kukui halogen tungsten kūikawā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka loiloi pōʻino retinal e loiloi ʻia e like me IEC/EN62778: 2012 "Photobiological palekana o nā kumu kukui a me nā luminaires. nā noi loiloi ʻeha ʻulaʻula polū", a ʻaʻole kūpono ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu kukui me nā hui pōʻino ʻulaʻula uliuli ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o RG2.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻike mākou i nā ʻoihana hou aʻe, ʻaʻole wale i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kukui LED, a ʻaʻole i kālele i nā ʻāpana pākahi o ka huahana, akā hiki ke noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mālamalama e pili ana i ke kaulahao waiwai mai ka hana ʻana i ka holoʻokoʻa. ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke koi.Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻolālā kukui, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā huahana, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hiki pane wikiwiki, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī e pono ai nā hui.